清末官办邮政与民信局的关系研究(1896-1911)

The Relationship Between the National Post Office and the Civil Post Organizations in Late Qing Dynasty(1896-1911)

1896年大清邮政成立,官办邮政与民信局进入了直接竞争时期。官邮具有管理者和经营者的双重身份,它以国家强制力作后盾,制定出各种政策并采取各种措施排挤和打击民信局,表现在压缩其经营空间、业务空间、利润空间和查缉其私运邮件行为等方面,同时还积极向竞争对手学习,导致双方势力的转变,初步实现了在邮递事业上的垄断地位。官邮垄断地位的形成,是利用国家强制力实行行政垄断的结果。

In 1896, with the foundation of the Qing Post Office, the competition relationship between National Post Office and Civil Post Organizations was clear. With the support of government, the National Post Office adopted measures to compress the management room, business room and profit room of the Civil Post Organizations and combat their smuggling behaviors and so on. At the same time, the National Post Office learned from the Civil Post Organizations and resulted in changes in both forces, hence the postal monopoly status set. The formation of the Official Postal monopoly was the result of administrative monopoly under the state coercive power.