城与乡的文化冲突——农村题材电视剧中的城乡对立叙事

Culture Conflict between Urban Areas and Rural Areas

自城乡的分野诞生以来,城与乡的文化冲突便一直存在。在中国电视剧艺术的叙事主题中,城乡冲突也是一个不可回避的话题。以20世纪80年代以来的农村题材电视剧为研究对象,分析了农村题材电视剧中城乡对立的叙事主题,阐释了城乡冲突的历史背景和原因,指出农村与城市在政治、经济、文化等各方面的发展失衡是农民向城求生的主因,而大多数农民在城市中的生存状况却不容乐观,进城农民的自我奋斗大多以悲剧的方式黯淡收场。农民向城求生的叙事,在直面进城农民严峻的生存现实方面勇气可嘉,但在对待城乡文化的态度上却存在一些偏颇之处,普遍缺少一种文化建构意识。创作有利于城乡文化互动和建构的作品,最大限度地发挥电视剧的社会功能,将是未来此类作品的发展方向。

Culture conflict between urban areas and rural areas has been there. It is an important narrative theme in the TV play of China. This article studies the rural teleplays since the 1980s. After analyzing the opposite theme in rural plays, this paper explains the background and the reasons of culture differences between city and rural areas. The main reason why farmers moved into cities to make a living is social development unbalance between urban areas and rural areas in the economic, political, cultural and other fields. The survival condition of most peasants in city is not optimistic, and most peasants＇ struggle ended in failure. It is appreciated to show the real life of the farmers who moved to cities, but there were some biases towards urban and rural culture and lack of cultureconstructed consciousness. The development direction of the rural teleplays in future is to create new works which are advantageous to construct a harmonious culture between urban and rural areas. Thus the virtue of such teleplay would be maximized.