我国近10年鸡白血病流行病学报道与研究分析

Retrospective analysis on avain leukosis in China between 1999-2009

鸡白血病是由多种亚型鸡白血病病毒引起的一种肿瘤性传染病,可引起感染鸡免疫抑制和多组织器官发育迟缓、萎缩以及肿瘤等,造成较严重的经济损失。自1999年至2009年,该病在我国近80%的省市均有病例报道,其中山东、北京等地报道病例最多;该病近10年持续发展,呈现上升趋势,且有前期肉鸡感染病例为主到近几年的蛋鸡发病或肉蛋鸡同时发病为主的发展趋势,同时对我国一些地方鸡造成严重威胁。在这些感染鸡群中,报道的以J亚型ALV感染为主,但A、B亚型在我国鸡群中的蔓延值得关注。对我国分离30余株的J亚群ALV分析表明,肉鸡上分离的ALV变异较小,而蛋鸡上变异较大。人工感染试验表明,ALV感染后除在一些鸡体内产生具有中和作用的抗体外,而相当部分鸡不产生抗体或产生不具有中和作用的抗体;同时,其他免疫抑制病毒与ALV共感染可进一步降低抗体的产生,加重组织病理学变化。ALV在感染鸡只的多种组织器官上比较检测表明,肾、肝、脾及蛋清、鸡胚均可以得到较高的检出率。目前,使用核酸探针、RFLP及细胞培养病毒分离方法成为临床上鉴别ALV亚型的常用方法,其中细胞培养病毒分离、基因测序技术是最为有效的鉴别方法。这些研究将为我国认知鸡白血病、防制鸡白血病奠定良好的基础。

Avain leukosis（AL） is infectious tumour diseases caused by avain leukosis viruses,which cause chickens to produce immunosuppression and atrophy of organs or tumors and break into great economical loss.The disease has been occuring reportedly over about 80% provinces in China between 1999-2009,especially most in Shandong and Beijing province et al.The disease occurs sustainedly and ascendly year by year and it occurred reportedly most in meat-type chickens before 2003 and most in egg-type chickens or both of them after 2003,meanwhile it is worth notifying that the disease is endangering to China land race chickens.Most AL in China were caused by J subgroup of ALV and few by A or B subgroups of ALV.It suggests that ALVs-J seperated from meat-type chickens variate less and more from egg-type chickens with analysis to more than 30 ALVs-J,and some ALVs can induce chicken to produce its antibodies and some can not,or some can produce antibodies without immunonetralization,and ALV can co-infect chickens with some viruses such as REV or MDV or CIAV et al and augument the immunosuppression and the pathological loss;and ALV can be detected positively from kidneys,livers,spleens,eggs,chicken embryos and claocas in chicken samples;and PCR,RFLP and ALV seperation from innoculated cells are used to identificate the subgroups of ALVs at present,but the last method is most effective.It can be concluded that the results of those researches will be helpful for understanding and controling to avain leukosis.