3Handel DA, Hilton JA, Ward MJ, et al. Emergency de- partment throughput, crowding, and financial outcomes for hospitals[J. Acad Emerg Meal,2010,17(8)840-847.
4Howell E,Bessman E, Marshall R, et al. Hospitalist bed management effecting throughput from the emergency de- partment to the intensive care unit[J]. J Crit Care,2010, 25(2) :184-189.
5宋亚南.急诊创伤外科的发展及救护[J].中国医药导报,2012,14(326):54.
6王立辉.急诊留观患者的健康教育[J].中国基层医药,2012,19(29):130-131.
7Nell RB. New millennium new emergency manage[J]. Journal of emergency management, 2002 ( 1 ) : 21 - 22.
