乌冈栎群落木本植物果实类型及种子大小分析

Analysis on fruit type and seed size of woody species in Quercus phillyreaoides community

研究了将石自然保护区乌冈栎群落内的41种木本被子植物的果实类型和种子大小.结果表明：①干果占果实类型的43.08%,肉质果占果实类型的56.92%,两种类型果实比例接近1∶1;②与其他地区果实类型的比较发现,果实类型分布格局受水热环境影响显著,西北部干果比例高,而东南部肉质果比例高;③用种子三维（长、宽、高）的方差衡量种子形状,植物种子的形状差异很大,最小值为0.003 1,而最大的值有0.537 1,大部分种子的三维方差小于0.4;④从种子的重量来看,种子百粒重为1~10 g和10~100 g的物种占有较大比例,分别为39.02%和21.95%;⑤大种子和小种子不仅在科的分布上有差异,在植物的生活型上亦有差异;⑥乌冈栎群落木本植物多样性低的原因之一可能与该群落种子传播单一性有关.探讨了果实和种子对群落的生态适应性.

The morphological features of fruit and seed size of 41 woody plants in the Quercus phillyraeoides community of Jiangshi Nature Reserve are measured.The results show：（1） All of the fruits in the community,sarcocarp and dry fruit occupy 56.92% and 43.08% respectively,and the ratio of both is close to 1∶1.（2） Compared to the others＇,the distribution pattern of fruit type is effected by the water and temperature,which means the dry fruit is more in the western and less in eastern,or vice versa to sarcocarp.（3） Variance considering three dimensions（length,width and depth） is used to describe diaspore shape,which shows there is wide range of the seed size with maximum value 0.537 1 and minimum value 0.003 1,and most of the them are less than 0.4.（4） Things considered from seed weight,1～10 g and 10 ～100 g of hundred seed weight occupy the ratio about 39.02% and 21.95% respectively.（5） The difference of seed size is not only existence in families,but also in life form,which is consistent with previously published studies.（6） The lower diversity of woody species in the Quercus phillyraeoides community may be resulted by the single distribution of seed.Finally,the ecological fitness of fruit and seed in the community are discussed.