基于集市理论的农民合作组织的生成研究——来自西北地区的个案分析

An Analysis of the Formation of Farmer Cooperatives Based on the Market Theory——Case Studies of Northeast

考察了西北地区两个以集市为基础形成的农民合作社,通过观察农村集市60年来的深刻变化,分析了集市经济与社会关系网络的演变及其对农民合作社生成的影响。研究显示:(1)农民家庭的活动半径扩大了几倍,随着经济与社会进步,并在行政权力配置资源的作用下,农村集市体系基本上由县城、乡镇所在地、行政村构成;(2)农村集市非常活跃,其发达的经济网络,是建立农民合作社的经济基础;(3)农村集市的新的社会关系网络仍未形成,而传统型的社会关系网络虽然在一定程度上降低了合作社生成的初始成本、决策成本和协调成本,但其封闭性也会对合作社吸收新成员以及建立民主规范的内部治理留下隐患。

This paper examines two cooperatives in Northeast which are formatted based on the market,and observes the profound changes of rural market in 60 years,then analyzes the evolution of market economic and social network on the formation of cooperatives.The results show that：（1）The radius of farmers extended,influenced by economic and social improvement and administrative power,the rural market system basically consists of county,township and administrative villages;（2）The rural market is very active,and the well developed network is the economic basis of the foundation of the cooperatives;（3）The new social network is not formed yet,while the traditional social network somehow reduces the cost of cooperatives＇ formation,decision-making and association,but the closeness of cooperatives may hide some problems on absorbing new members and internal governance.