“十二五”期间我国天然气消费格局主要特征及发展方向探讨

A Study into China′s NG Consumption during Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period,Main Characteristics and Development Direction

我国天然气消费水平较低,虽然自本世纪以来有了较大提高,但与一些发达国家相比仍有很大差距和发展空间。我国能源供应长期以煤炭为主的局面在"十一五"变化不大,"十二五"期间提高天然气占一次能源的比重是我国节能减排最重要、最可行的措施之一。广泛应用天然气除了可提高热效率以外,还可以减少废气排放总量。当前,我国天然气的主要用途是替代城市居民生活用煤,然而单一采用民用燃气方案必定存在供气量波动较大的缺点,日本和韩国在促进天然气消费的政策措施方面有不少成熟经验值得我们借鉴。当前城市燃气已成为我国天然气消费的主力,同时应高度重视建筑节能,DES/CCHP就是一种具有代表意义的建筑节能技术,应有计划、有步骤地对其进行试点,做到多实践、少争论。同时应大力发展天然气汽车,并努力解决其经济性和加气难的问题。我国"十二五"期间天然气利用存在两个主要问题,一是天然气价格,二是天然气储气与调峰。天然气利用应遵循因地制宜和逐步升级开发的原则,进一步深化、优化天然气利用应是我国发展天然气产业的一个重要战略措施。

China＇s natural gas penetration rate is relatively low.Although the share of natural gas in the country＇s energy mix has risen considerably since the start of this century ,there still is a big gap dividing it from global leaders.The country＇s natural gas industry still has enormous room for further development.China＇s energy supply has long been relying on coal and this situation did not change dramatically during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period.In the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period,raising the share of natural gas in the primary energy mix is one of the most important and practicable approaches to saving energy and reducing emissions for China.In addition to raising heat efficiency,expanding the use of natural gas can help reduce the total volume of waste gas emitted.At the moment in China,natural gas is primarily used to replace coal as a major domestic fuel in the urban residential sector.However,using natural gas only as a domestic fuel gas has a major drawback that the gas supply volume fluctuates dramatically.China can draw on much successful experience from Japan and South Korea in promoting the use of natural gas through the adoption of policies and measures.Currently,a large portion of natural gas in China is used as fuel gas in the urban area.The country should place a high value on saving energy for buildings.DES/CCHP is a typical energysaving technology for buildings.The country should push the trial use of this technology in a planned and step-by-step manner.Increase practicing and reduce arguing.Efforts should be made to promote the develop- ment of automobiles running on natural gas and to resolve the problems relating to their economics and gas filling.There are two major issues in utilizing natural gas in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period-gas pricing, and gas storage and peak-shaving.The principle of ＂being suited to local conditions and upgrading develop- ment gradually＂ should be abode by in utilizing natural gas.Further deepening and optimizing the use of natural gas should be a strategy for China in developing the natural gas industry.