合资企业中方合法权益维护问题的思考

Reflections on the Maintenance of Lawful Rights and Interests in Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures

自改革开放以来,合资合作事业蓬勃发展,合资企业已成为企业管理的一个重要方面。但由于合资合作中的地位、经验、目的、利益主体不同,给中方对合资企业的管理,以及中方自身利益的维护带来挑战。从合资伙伴的选择、谈判环节的把握、控制权的争夺、日常运营管理等方面探讨如何建好、管好合资企业,指出好的合作伙伴是合资合作成功的前提和基础,合资伙伴的选择必须重实力、看信誉、有诚意,做到优势互补、确保实现1+1>2。重视合资谈判,涉及合资各方资源利用和服务价格、合资各方权利和义务的重大事项,通过谈判以法律文件的形式固定下来。争取对合资企业的控制权,特别重视对股权、企业发展战略、企业管理、人力资源、技术,以及营销、品牌(商标)、财务和企业制度的掌握和控制。注重企业文化建设和影响。强化合资企业日常运营管理,在外方主导型管理和中外共管型管理模式下,中方权益的维护,重点是发挥中方股东、董事会和委派人员的作用,探索规范有效的方式,增强对合资企业的控制能力和中方权益的保护能力,最终实现合资双方的双赢战略。

Since the start of the reform and the imposition of the opening up policy,joint-venture and partnership enterprises have been booming.Join ventures are now an important aspect of corporate management. However,since the positions,experience,purposes and interests of the partners in a joint venture differ,the Chinese partner often faces challenges in managing the venture and protecting its own interests in the venture.This article discusses the way in which a joint venture should be built and managed by examining how the Chinese side should select its joint venture partner,deal with negotiations ,scramble for the control right and engage in routine operation management.According to the article,a good partner is the precondition and foundation for a successful partnership.In selecting a partner,the Chinese side must consider whether the partner has a strong strength,good reputation and good faith.The two sides should be able to complement each other to achieve synergy,i.e.1＋1〉2.The Chinese side should place a high value on negotiations about the setup of the joint venture.All key issues concerning the use of the partners＇ resources,the prices of services and rights and obligations should be written down in legal documents through negotiations.Efforts should be made to gain the control of the joint venture and particularly attention should be attached to the control of stakes, corporate development strategies, corporate management, human resources, technology, marketing, brands （trademarks） , finance and organizational system.The Chinese side should value the construction and influence of corporate culture and strengthen the routine operation management of the joint venture.In foreigner-dominated and 50-50 joint ventures,to maintain its rights and interests,the Chinese side should lay emphasis on the role of Chinese shareholders ,board members and representatives and explore a normative and effective way to strengthen its ability to control the joint venture and to protect its rights and interests to produce a win-win situation for the joint-venture partners.