从贤人到水神：晋南与太原的区域演变与长程历史--兼论山西历史的两个“历史性时刻”

From a Virtuous Person to a Water Deity:the Regional Evolution and the Long-duration History of Southern Shanxi and Taiyuan

山西历史上"孔子回车"故事中的核心角色孔子和晋国大夫窦鸣犊,在金元时期分别在晋东南和太原地区被重塑,孔子回车庙在此一时期晋东南的"文化复兴"过程中被努力弘扬,而窦大夫则在宋金以降太原地区的深度开发过程中扮演了重要的水神角色,说明这一时期在区域重建过程中的重要性。金元以至明代,晋南及晋东南社会有了长足的进步;而在明清之际,由于蒙古的敌对形势逐渐得到缓和,以太原为核心的晋中地区得以快速发展,由帝国管控力量较强向民间社会力量活跃的方向转变。

This paper focuses on the story in southeastern Shanxi about a virtuous person Dou Mingdu,an official of Jin State,and in how he was made a water deity in Taiyuan area since 12th century.Starting from this story,this paper analyses the changes of the regional center in history of Shanxi from pre-Qin period to later times,and the different responses of the people in different regions in 13th century and 18-19th century.From the Jin-Yuan period to Ming,Southern and southeastern Shanxi societies made a great progress,while during Ming-Qing transition,as the antagonistic situation between Ming and Mongol was gradually eased up,middle Shanxi area where took Taiyuan as a center has a rapid development,the forces of folk society were active instead of the empire＇s stronger control and management.