一种基于PIN结的硅基微型核电池研究

A nuclear micro-battery based on silicon PIN diode

针对PN结式微型核电池由于衬底掺杂浓度较大而造成的少子寿命短,收集效率低等缺点,提出使用硅基PIN结作为微型核电池的换能结构,构建了PIN换能结构的电学模型,并对其性能影响因素进行了分析和仿真,优化了换能结构参数.完成换能结构加工之后,分别使用63Ni,147Pm和241Am对换能结构进行了辐照实验.实验结果表明,PIN换能结构通过增加耗尽层宽度来增大电子空穴对的收集空间,通过使用保护环来降低漏电流,能够有效提高短路电流和开路电压,最终提升能量转换效率.

Due to the use of heavily doped N type silicon substrate,the nuclear micro-battery based on silicon PN diode suffers from the small minority carrier life-time and small depletion region width,and can not achieve high energy transfer efficiency. A nuclear micro-battery utilizing silicon PIN diode as the energy transfer structure was demonstrated with achieves higher electrical power output. Theoretical model was built to predict the power output performance of this kind of micro-nuclear battery and structure optimization was performed in terms of the stopping range of beta particles,the depletion region width,the minority carrier life-time and the body resistance. Prototypes of PIN energy transfer structure were fabricated and were illuminated by using beta radioisotopes 63Ni,147Pm and alpha radioisotope 241Am as the radiation sources,and proved to be effective to improve the energy transfer performance.