马克思主义科学史的早期尝试——以“赫森论点”为例

The Use of Marxist Thought in "Hessen Thesis"

"赫森论点"的一个重要向度在于利用马克思主义思想资源探讨经典科学著作——《自然哲学之数学原理》的社会、经济根源问题。在社会经济需要与自然科学的关系问题上,赫森用直接的、线性的、可对应的处理方式取代了马克思、恩格斯那里长期的、曲折的、归根结底的作用模式,存在着对马、恩相关观点的庸俗化理解;在自然科学与其他意识形式的关系问题上,赫森单方面强调它们的同质性,回避自然科学的特殊性,存在着对马、恩相关观点的剪裁;但赫森没有尝试用非科学因素解释自然科学的知识内核,非科学因素的权限仅在于影响科学家科研方向和科学问题的选择,这一点上与马、恩的相关观点保持了一致。

An important dimension of Hessen thesis is using Marxist thought resource to discuss the social and economic roots of classical scientific works,such as Mathematic Principle of Nature Philosophy.On the basis of text study,this paper argues that,on the relationship of science and socioeconomic needs,Hessen used direct,linear,one-to-one mode replacing Marx and Engels＇ long-term,tortuous and the final mode,which is the vulgar understanding of Marx and Engels＇ point of view;on the relationship of science and other forms of consciousness,Hessen overemphasized the homogeneity and evaded the particularity of science,which is deliberate tailoring of Marx and Engels＇ point of view.But Hessen didn＇t try to explain the core of scientific knowledge by non-scientific factors,instead,he strictly limited the non-scientific factors into research direction and scientific issues choosing.At this point,Hessen was consistent with Marx and Engels.