中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化

THE EVOLUTIONARY SUCCESSION OF CRETACEOUS ANGIOSPERM POLLEN IN CHINA

根据中国白垩纪被子植物花粉产出记录与形态构造分析以及与世界其它地区产出顺序比较，假设中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化序列，共划分为１０ 个发育阶段，归于７ 个形态演化期：１） 欧特里夫期至早巴列姆期的无口器类演化期（ 含：１ ．１ ．网纹无口器粉发育阶段） ；２） 晚巴列姆至晚阿普梯期的单沟类演化期（ 含：２ ．１ ．棒纹粉发育阶段；２ ．２ ．星粉棒纹粉发育阶段） ；３） 早、中阿尔必期的三沟类演化期（ 含：３ ．１ ．三沟粉类星粉棒纹粉发育阶段） ；４） 晚阿尔必期至早赛诺曼期的三孔沟类演化期（ 含：４ ．１ ．三沟粉类三（ 拟） 孔沟类发育阶段） ；５） 晚赛诺曼期的三孔类演化期（ 含：５ ．１ ．小型扁球型三孔沟花粉三孔类发育阶段） ；６） 土仑期至桑托期的大型短轴类演化期（ 含：６ ．１ ．克氏粉发育阶段；６ ．２ ．千屈菜粉新疆粉发育阶段） ；７） 坎佩尼期至马斯特里赫特期的三突起类和小型短轴类演化期（ 含７ ．１ ．进化被子植物花粉发育阶段；７ ．２ ．脊榆粉沃氏粉发育阶段） 。在演化进程中，始于坎佩尼期的被子植物花粉分异和量的增大似乎更为明显，呈爆发之势。

In the past decade, the earliest angiospermous inflorescence known in the world and pollen extracted from it were discovered in Jixi, Helongjian, China. Some of the Chinese palynologistis have made thorough inquiries on the evolutionary trends of Cretaceous angiosperm pollen in some areas and a number of geological time intervals, as shown in the following six papers: Evolutionary trends of Cretaceous angiosperm pollen from the Songliao Basin, NE China (Albian Maastrichtian, Gao Rui qi, 1981); A review on the study of Early Cretaceous angiosperm pollen in China (Barremian-Cenomanian, Song Zi chen, 1986); Evolution of angiosperm pollen of the early Late Cretaceous in the western Tarim Basin, South Xinjiang (Cenomanian-Santonian, Zhang et Zhan, 1986); Evolutionary succession of angiosperm pollen of Mid Cretaceous in Jiangxi area (Mid Late Albian-Turonian, Yu, Han and Wu, 1985); The study of Early Cretaceous angoispem pollen in Northern China (Yu, 1990), and Early Cretaceous angiospermous pollen from Eren Basin, Inner Mongolia (Hua, 1991). These previous studies on evolution of angiosperm pollen of Cretaceous from various areas have offered a foundation to establish systematic evolutionary succession of Cretaceous in China. Therefore a composite evolutionary sequence of angiospermous pollen has been constructed. After reviewing the previous data, at present ten evolutionary stages of angiospermous pollen of Cretaceous are suggested in China. Those associated marine fossils from western Tarim Basin are specially empolyed for dating evolutionary stages for Mid Cretaceous and controlling age-limit for other stages.