心灵的四重一——库萨为认识划界

Four Onenesses of Mind——Cusa Delimited Boundaries of Recognition

十五世纪的欧洲充满了冲突,罗马教会陷入分裂,主流的理智主义经院哲学才被神秘主义削弱,自然科学又蓬勃兴起,各个方面的理论基础都开始转变。库萨身处这种种矛盾的中心,他不但终生为教会统一努力,而且对当时流行的各种理论进行综合。他的《论猜测》一书考察了人的认识能力,认为进行认识的是心灵,心灵有四种存在方式:上帝、理智、理性和身体。这四种心灵以各自的方式认识真理。真理在上帝中是上帝,在理智中是理智,在理性中是理性,在身体中是身体。所以理性主义不能认识上帝,神秘主义不能认识理性,也就是说不可能有正确的超越界限的认识。

There were numerous conflicts in Europe during the fifteenth century： First of all,Rome Catholic fell apart.Besides,the very underpinnings of Scholasticism were weakened by the rise of the mysticism,while science was growing up.Theoretical foundations had begun to shift.Nicholas threw himself into all of these contradictories.He tried to synthesize various present theories,and tried to unify the divided Catholic Church.He researched human＇s power of recognition in his On Surmises.He deemed what has the power to recognize was the mind which was expressed in four forms as God,intellect,reason and body.These four forms of mind recognized the truth as they were.In God,the truth was God,in intellect,it was intellect,in reason,it was reason,in body,it was body.Therefore,neither God himself could be truly attained by rationalism,nor could rational knowledge be attained by mysticism.That is to say,the power of each forms of mind has its own field,and there is no true knowledge attained by unsuitable forms of the mind.