DNA微阵列(或芯片)技术原理及应用

Fundamental Principle and Applications of DNA Microarray or Chip.

ＤＮＡ微阵列或芯片（ＤＮＡｍｉｃｒｏａｒｒａｙ ｏｒｃｈｉｐ） 技术是近年发展起来的又一新的分子生物学研究工具． 它是利用光导化学合成、照相平板印刷以及固相表面化学合成等技术， 在固相表面合成成千上万个寡核苷酸探针，或将液相合成的探针由微阵列器或机器人点样于尼龙膜或硅片上， 再与放射性同位素或荧光物标记的ＤＮＡ 或ｃＤＮＡ杂交， 用于分析ＤＮＡ突变及多态性、ＤＮＡ测序、监测同一组织细胞在不同状态下或同一状态下多种组织细胞基因表达水平的差异。

DNA microarray or chip is a new technique in molecular biology.With combining the light directed chemical synthesis, semiconductor based photolithography,and solid phase chemical synthesis, thousands of oligonucleotide probes were arrayed or spotted on the surface of solid support. This technology has successfully monitored the simultaneous expression of many thousands of genes, developed to screen DNA mutation and polymorphism, applied to sequence DNA, and discovered the novel disease related genes by hybridization to radioisotope or fluorescence labeled DNA or cDNA coming from interesting tissues and cells.