甜菜单胚雄性不育系与保持系雌蕊解剖学及超微结构观察

Pistil anatomy and ultrastructural observations on monogerm CMS lines and its 0- type lines of sugarbeet

以自育的甜菜单胚细胞质雄性不育系（CMS系）TB9-CMS和保持系（O型系）TB9—0为试验材料，采用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察，对两系雌蕊的细胞形态学和超微结构特性等进行比较。结果表明，甜菜雌蕊由3～5枚心皮合生而成，外形可分为柱头、花柱和子房三部分。但两系柱头离生心皮数有所不同。O型系多为3枚，而CMS系含有较多4～5枚。两系的花柱、子房、胚珠的细胞形态学基本相似。表现为花柱较短，子房半下位或周位，子房中部交界处和花丝基部都有蜜腺组织。甜菜花柱中央由大量乳突细胞组成。由上而下逐渐减少；子房壁的小型细胞中含有结晶组织；蜜腺的分泌细胞有大量淀粉颗粒；子房内通常只有一枚胚珠，存在极少的双胚珠现象；胚珠属基底胎座，胚珠形状比较特殊，常弯曲扭转；产生胚囊的珠心部分细胞质内细胞器较为丰富。结论认为，甜菜单胚CMS系与O型系雌蕊的柱头离生心皮数有所不同外，两系的花柱、子房、胚珠、胚囊的形态结构基本相似，均可正常发育与结实。

In this paper, the anatomy and uhrastructural character on the pistil of monogerm CMS lines and its O - type lines of sugar beet were elucidated. Cell morphology and ultrastrnctural character of pistils derived from male sterile （CMS） TB9 - CMS and maintenance lines TB9 - O were studied by using optical and electronic mi- croscope. The result showed that the pistil generally contained 3 to 5 carpels, which includes stigma,style and o- vary. As for the apocarpous stigmas number, there were 3 and 4 to 5 occurred in O - type lines and CMS lines respectively. They were very similar in cell morphology of stigma, ovary and ovule between CMS lines and O - type lines. It represented that the stigma was short, and the ovary was semi - inferior or perigynous. Nectariferous tissue was observed at the middle of ovary and the base of faliment. Many papilla cells were examined in the cen- ter of sugar beet stigma, which was reduced gradually from the top to bottom. Minitype ceils of ovary wall con- tained crystal organization and secreting cells of nectary had abundant starch granules. Generally, there was only one ovule and very few double -ovules in the ovary. The ovule belonged to basal placental and had a special shape that was curled and turned. There were abundant organelles in nucellus. In addition to the apocarpous number of pistil was different between CMS and its o - type, the morphology of pistil, ovule and embryo sacs of CMS lines and O - type lines were very similar, and all of them could normally develop and seed.