参加老年大学学习对老年人认知功能的影响

Impact on cognitive functioning for old men studied in the elderly university

目的探讨参加老年大学学习对老年人认知功能的影响。方法老年大学组为老年大学学习1年以上、年龄≥60岁的老年人105名，对照组105名为老年大学组老年人的同胞兄弟姐妹，年龄≥60岁，未参加老年大学学习。老年大学组成员进当地老年大学学习1年，对照组不参加参加老年大学学习或工作，同时排除继续参加工作者。人组前后采用流调用抑郁自评量表（CES．D）评定以排除抑郁症，采用日常生活功能量表（ADL）、简易精神状态评定量表（MMSE）和韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）作为认知功能的综合评估。MMSE得分低于分界值（小学≤20分，中学或以上≤24分）者初步确认有认知功能损害。人组前2组CES-D、ADL、MMSE和WAIS的基线评定无显著差异。结果1年后老年大学组和对照组的CES—D、ADL和MMSE评分差异无统计学意义，但对照组的ADL评分1年前后比较有显著差异（t=2．191，P=0．031）。1年后MMSE评分显示老年大学组有1例（0．95％）达到认知损害的临界值，对照组有6例（5．77％）等于或低于临界值，其差异几乎有统计学意义（P=0．058）。WAIS评分显示2组的WAIS总分、言语分和操作分均有下降，但老年大学组前后差异无统计学意义。对照组的WAIS总分和操作分[分别为（110．3±8．2）分，（110．9±7．7）分]较老年大学组[分别为（107．8±9．6）分，（107．9±13．4）分]下降更为明显（P=0．044，P=0．049）。而且，对照组1年后的WAIS总分显著低于1年前[（110．6±7．4）分]（P=0．022）。结论参加老年大学学习可能对老年人的认知功能有积极作用。

Objective To explore the influence of studying in the elderly university on the cognitive function for elderly. Methods Elderly university group （EUG） was consised of 105 subjects aged ≥60 who studied in the elderly university for one year. Controlled group（CG） was consisted of 105 elderly over 60 years of age who were siblings for subjects and would not studied in elderly university. Meanwhile, it was excluded if they were working. Two groups were excluded depression patients before study. The assessment tools were composed of Center for epidemiological survey of depression scale （ CES-D ） , activity of daily living scale （ADL） , mini-mental state examination （MMSE）and Wechsler＇s adult intelligence scale（WAIS）. There were no significant statistics difference in scales of CES-D, ADL, MMSE and WAIS between two groups. Results There were no significant statistics difference of CES-D, ADL and MMSE between two groups after a year, however, the scales of ADL for controlled group after one year was higher than that before one year（ t=2. 191 , P=0.031 ）. The MMSE mark shows one（0.95% ）sustain cognitive impairment in EUG after one year; meanwhile there were six elders of （5.77%） come up to critical value of cognitive impairment in CG, the difference was almost statistical significance （P = 0.058 ）. The WAIS mark demonstrated the total scale, VQ scale and PQ scale was declining. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were （ 110.3 ± 8.2 ） and （ 110.9 ± 7.7 ） respectively. The score of total scale and perform scale of WAIS in CG were （ 107.8 ±9.6） and （ 107.9±13.4） respectively. There were significant difference between two groups （P = 0.044, P = 0. 049）. Furthermore, after one year the score of total scale of WAIS in CG（ 110.6± 7.4 ） outstanding be lower than that one year ago （P = 0. 022）. There was no significant means for the total scale , verbal scale and perform scale of WAIS in CEG before and after year. Conclusion The program of continue education may play a positive role to stay or to improve the descending of the cognitive function in the elderly.