基于社会学视野的黄山市汤口镇旅游城市化特征和机制研究

A RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM URBANIZATION AND MECHANISM OF HUANGSHAN TANGKOU TOWN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIOLOGY

改革开放以来,旅游城市化成为汤口镇城市化发展的主要路径之一。基于社会学视野考察黄山市汤口镇旅游城市化发展特征并探讨其机制。发现伴随旅游业发展,汤口镇产业结构由第一产业为主向以旅游业占主导的第三产业为主的产业结构转变,居民收入主要来自于旅游业,居民就业主要向旅游业及其相关产业集中;居民的居住条件、生活习惯和邻里关系呈现城市社区特点,居民的经营理念、教育观念和生活态度等思想观念发生很大转变,显现出城市居民的特点;居民的社会角色向现代企业家转变;汤口镇城镇性质和职能也由农业社区向旅游社区演变。而优越的区位条件、良好的资源禀赋、政府的推动以及居民的积极参与等是汤口镇旅游城市化发展的主要因素。

From the perspective of sociology,this paper studies the urbanization of Huangshan Tangkou town.The result shows that the industrial structure of Tangkou town turns from ＂one-two-three＂ to ＂three-two-one＂ and the principal industry transforms from agriculture to tertiary industry which makes tourism as the leading industry.The income of local residents in Tangkou town is mainly from tourism industry,and the employments primarily concentrate on tourism and related industries.On the land use of cities and towns,the tourism land increases rapidly in Tangkou town.Simultaneously,agricultural landscape changes to townscape.And with the quick development of tourism industry,infrastructure construction is well developed in Tangkou town.People＇s living conditions,life styles and neighborhood relationships have the characteristics of urban communities.The ideology of the residents changes significantly and shows the characteristics of urban residents such as operation principle,education idea and life style.The social role of local residents changes from the farmers to managers,and then to modern entrepreneurs.The function of Tangkou town also transforms from the agriculture community to the tourism community.The tourism urbanization becomes one of the uppermost paths that the urbanization of Huangshan Tangkou town follows.To compare with the changes of ＂hardware＂ including land use,increase of population and infrastructure,the changes of ＂software＂,like local residents＇ life style,social role,manner and the function evolution,are more influential and significant in the development of urbanization.The authors also point out that the good location,rich resources,government guide and participation of residents are the main driving force of tourism urbanization of Tangkou town.