广州城市不同行业女性非正规就业者行为空间差异及其影响

FEMALE INFORMAL EMPLOYEES' BEHAVIOR SPACE STRUCTURES IN DIFFERENT SECTORS: DIFFERENCES AND EFFECTS

女性内部差异性已成为西方女性主义地理学的重要研究领域。本文以广州市下渡村餐饮业和芳村茶叶市场茶艺表演业两个典型行业为例,研究不同行业女性非正规就业者的行为空间差异性及其产生的不同影响。研究发现,餐饮业和茶艺表演业女性非正规就业者具有总体上相类似的行为空间结构,但由于其所从事的工作性质和经济收入不同,该结构在尺度构成、出行活动的距离分布和出行频率等方面存在明显差异。这种差异性进一步对上述两类女性非正规就业者的职业发展分别产生了限制和促进的不同作用。女性非正规就业者所属行业特征、行为空间与职业发展处于一种相互作用的关系。

The difference of behavior space structures within the female group is one of important study fields in the western feminism geography,but it does not attracts really empirical concern in current Chinese literature.Moreover,the informal women employees,as one special sub-group of female,are not been paid so much attention as in non-Chinese literatures.This paper aims to analyze the difference of behavior space structures of female informal employees in different industrial sectors and its effect in the development of the employees＇ occupations.The authors provide case studies of the catering sector in Xiadu village and the tea ceremony sector in Fangcun Tea Market in Guangzhou.The methods of quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative interview are adopted in the research.The finding shows that though the behavior spaces of female informal employees in the two sectors present as similar structures on the whole,they have obvious differences in the behavior space scale,spatial distribution of main trips and travel frequency.Such differences could be generally explained by the differences in work attributes related to the relevant sectors and average incomes.Behavior space is not neutral,and plays a diverse role in the development of informal occupations.The behavior space of female informal employees in Xiadu catering sector limits the possibility of their self development,While the employees in Fangcun tea ceremony sector is helpful for them moving from low-level labor market to high-level one.This implies that not all types of female informal employees are segregated in the labor market of specific spaces without any possibility of mobility,as observed in some current literatures.The authors conclude that the relationship among the feature of the sectors where female informal employees work in,their behavior space and occupation development is interactional.