中国旅游业更加可持续的发展:小步伐大策略

TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN CHINA: SMALL STEPS AND BIGGER STRATEGIES

近年来,西方研究人员在撰写有关中国旅游的课题时,对可持续发展旅游业给予了特别的关注。"可持续发展旅游业"这一词可理解为为了达到社会文化、自然环境、以及旅游业经济增长这三点之间的和谐关系而努力发展的旅游业。本文回顾了全球各方力量对旅游业的塑造,并指出在创造积极的旅游前景时其可持续发展性所面临的挑战。对如何执行和研究可持续发展所采取的具体措施及对其的深度理解是当前研究的热点。通过五大路径,十种个人行为及四个组织模块建立可持续发展旅游业的主导思想。

Recently,western researchers writing about tourism in China have been especially concerned with building sustainable tourism.This paper reviews the global forces shaping tourism and suggests that sustain-ability concerns underpin many of the challenges identified in creating positive tourism futures.It is argued that specific actions and understandings of what can be done to implement and research sustainability are of pressing interest.Tourism researchers may enjoy the descriptions of the challenges but feel compelled to offer some solutions;some ways forward for the better management of tourism places and sites and hence a better life for the communities of many regions（cf.Moscardo,2008）[1].The extensive debates about the sustainabili-ty of tourism in developing or transitioning countries now sees increasingly widespread agreement that tourism is not an isolated business but instead is a well connected force shaping change（Bramwell and Lane,2005） [2].Tourism affects many other businesses and is of concern to many citizens but there must also be the consideration that tourism is affected by many global forces.In particular,the future of tourism anywhere is likely to be shaped by some commonly identified world tourism trends.Such trends can be identified from multiple sources and contemporary analyses [3-20].This paper has a specific concern with practical and applied action from western tourism scholarship to assist sustainability in tourism and tourism development.As read-ers contemplate the trends and their features,it is suggested that they mentally observe which of the single or multiple aspects of sustainability are hidden within the discussion of each major force acting on tourism.Key ideas to build sustainable tourism development are introduced from the western academic literature in tourism through the notions of five major pathways,ten specific behaviours for individuals to adopt and four cells for organisations to consider their development strategies.International collaborative research is advocated to test the value of these approaches in the complex context of China and its growing tourism presence.