船撞桥墩模型实验及分析

Physical Model Experiment and Analysis about Impact between Ship and Pier

船撞桥墩事故往往造成重大损失。为了有效保护大桥的安全,近年来发展了多种多样的大桥桥墩防船舶撞击装置。随着社会的发展,在船撞桥突发事故中,提出了保护船舶安全的要求,因此,要求防撞装置能大幅降低撞击力。大桥防撞装置的研究者为了满足实际工程需要,目前主要通过对船撞桥过程进行数值模拟,根据计算得到的撞击力设计防撞装置。由于缺乏实验验证,所设计的防撞装置的可靠性和有效性受到质疑,而大型的船撞桥墩实验都耗资巨大。为此,本文研究船撞桥的模型实验。该研究考虑了水流力对船体运动的影响,采用量纲分析方法确定模型实验的物理量和几何尺寸,在此基础上设计了小模型实验模拟满载排水量1010吨的货船撞击桥墩的情况。文中给出了不同工况下(分别改变撞击角度、船上货分布情况以及是否安装防撞装置)小模型实验的结果,指出了各种因素(工况)对船体运动状态的影响。在模型实验中,致力于测量船舶撞击桥墩后的运动轨迹,分析撞击力大小的变化以及水对船舶运动轨迹、撞击力和能量的影响。

The impact between ship and pier usually causes severe lose.To protect big bridges,various kinds of anti-collision systems have been developed since years ago.With the development of society,the ships should be also protected in accidents,so the impact force should be decreased drastically.To meet the demands in projects,designers mainly use simulation methods to design anti-collision systems.Lacking experiment verification,the reliability and effectiveness of anti-collision systems are doubted,and the impact experiment using real ship and pier will cost lots of money.For this reason,the physical model experiment was analyzed.The influence of water flow was considered.The dimensional analysis was used to determine the size of model and other physical parameters.A cargo vessel whose loaded displacement was 1010 tonnages was modeled in the experiment.The tests are caught out in different situations（with different impact angles,different cargo distribution and whether there is an anti-collision system and so on）,and the results indicate that the different factors（situations） influence the motion of ship.In the model experiment,the great attentions are paid to the change of impact force,water influence to the motion of ship,impact force and energy.