甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis on Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica napus and Wild Brassica juncea

[目的]分析甘蓝型油菜与野生芥菜型油菜杂交子代的性状遗传。[方法]选用1个甘蓝型油菜种(湘油15号,编号138)与2个野生芥菜型油菜品系(编号153和154)作为试材,进行正反杂交并获得了杂交种子。对杂种F1、F2代的发芽率、叶片大小及形状、株高、花粉育性、籽粒颜色等性状进行了分析。[结果]芥甘杂交较易获得杂交种子,F1代种子发芽率、成苗率及花粉育性均相对较高,平均株高低于双亲;而甘芥杂交较难获得杂种,且F1代自交亲和性差,结实率低,平均株高介于双亲之间;不论正反交,F1代营养生长优势和叶形母本效应明显,F2代株高出现明显分离,呈正态分布,未获得黄籽品系。[结论]为将甘芥杂交子代进一步应用于油菜遗传育种与品质改良提供了理论依据。

[Objective] The aim was to make a genetic analysis on interspecific hybrids of Brassica napus and wild Brassica juncea.[Method] A Brassica napus cultivar Xiangyou 15（code 138） and 2 wild Brassica juncea lines（code 153 and 154） were successfully made a reciprocal hybridization.Some characters of F1 and F2 generation like seed germination rate,leaf shape and size,plant height,pollen fertility and color of seed coat,etc.were observed and compared.[Result] The crosses of B.juncea with B.napus were easy to harvest seeds,and F1 hybrids had comparatively high seed germination rates,plantlet rates and pollen fertility,furthermore the average plant height was lower than their parents.While the crosses of B.napus with B.juncea were hard to harvest seeds,and F1 plants exhibited low self-compatibility and seed setting rates,meanwhile the average plant height was between their parents.No matter B.napus acting as pollen donor or B.juncea,the F1 plants had obvious vegetative predominance and strong cytoplasmic effect in leaf shape,meanwhile the plant height of F2 population segregated as the law of normal distribution and no yellow-seeded lines were found.[Conclusion] The research provides a basis for the further application of crosses of B.napus with B.juncea into heritage breeding and quality improvement of rape.