马克思对“共同体”的探索历程及其内在旨趣

The Process and Inward Objective of Marx's Study about "Community"

马克思在一些主要或重大问题诸如社会形态、人的发展、所有制等的研究上都没有离开对共同体的探索和考察。那么,马克思何以对共同体抱有如此大的兴趣?他眼中的共同体是个什么样子?他在共同体问题上的核心价值关怀又是什么?本文在对马克思探索共同体的历程进行深入考察后发现:马克思并不是一般地谈论共同体,也不是有意识地要建构一种共同体理论,他的"共同体"思想是在探索人类解放道路特别是唯物史观的创立、运用、验证、深化和发展的过程中逐渐形成的。虽然马克思没有直接给共同体下过一个明确的定义,但在共同体问题上蕴涵着马克思深厚的人文价值关怀,那就是人的自由发展。对马克思来说,真正重要的是共同体到底为人的自由发展提供了怎样的条件。这是马克思探索共同体乃至表达"共同体"思想的独特之处。

Marx＇s main researches,which about social formation,development of hunman,system of ownership and other important issues,have never departed from the study of Community.So,why Marx has such great interested in community？ What is the specific existence of community in Marx＇s study？ What does the core value of his study about community concerns.According to the study of Marx＇s research about community.This thesis discovers that Marx has by no means attempted to build a theory about cummunity,nor have him discussed the ＂community＂ in a general way.The formation of Marx＇s study about community was the result of his search and study about the way of mankind emancipation,as well as the process of the establishment,practice and development of historical materialism.Though Marx has never given an explicit definition of community,still the issue about community contains Marx＇s deep compassion of human values,which is aimed at the free development of mankind.To Marx,what counts most is what conditions a community can provide for the free development of mankind,which is also the specialty of Marx＇s study and formulation about community.