一九二三年关余危机与广州大本营外交之嬗变

The Customs Revenue Crisis of 1923 and Foreign Policy Changes at the Revolutionary Headquarters in Guangzhou

1923年,以孙中山为代表的广州大本营发动关余争端,欲以此为契机获得西方的支持和承认,但列强的冷漠和威胁使孙中山的"敏捷外交"陷入破产境地。内外交困的广州大本营,不能不做现实考虑,与苏俄接触。1923年关余危机,最终促使广州大本营的外交发生改变,孙中山放弃一味青睐西方列强的想法,转而开始联俄革命。

In 1923,the revolutionary headquarters in Guangzhou,represented by Sun Yat-sen,instigated a dispute over the customs revenue,hoping to use this opportunity to gain Western support and recognition of their government. However,the indifference and threats of the Western powers resulted in the bankruptcy of Sun's 'agile diplomacy.' Beset by external and internal troubles,the headquarters had no choice but to take the pragmatic step of contacting Soviet Russia. The Canton Customs Crisis of 1923 resulted in a change in foreign policy on the part of the revolutionary headquarters in Guangzhou and made Sun Yat-sen finally relinquish the idea of sole reliance on the Western powers and turn to seek an alliance for revolution with Soviet Russia.