民国时期的职业指导

Vocational Guidance during the Republican Era

中国的职业指导兴起于民国初年,1927年以前主要依靠少数社团和学校提倡。20世纪30年代教育部颁布实施办法,形成教育行政部门主导的自上而下的职业指导制度设计与推行活动。抗战中,该项活动又呈现新的特点。同时,作为社会事业的职业指导以中介机构职业介绍的形式亦有推展。职业指导作为工业社会发展的必然产物,具有联接社会与教育的节点特征,但在民国的特定历史时期,成效不显著,亦不可能显著。

Chinese vocational guidance started in the early years of the Republic of China. Until 1927,it relied mainly on the support of a number of organizations and schools. In the 1930s,the Ministry of Education promulgated implementation measures,creating a plan and activities for a top-down system led by the educational administration authorities. During the War of Resistance against the Japanese Aggression,these activities acquired new features. At the same time,as a social undertaking,vocational guidance expanded into employment services through intermediary organizations. As a necessary product of the development of industrial society,vocational guidance characteristically links society and education. However,it achieved little-and could not achieve more-during the particular historical period of the Republic of China.