大学生自杀风险评估及相关社会心理因素研究

Suicidal Risk Assessment and Related Social-psychological Factors in College Students

目的:编制一套大学生自杀风险评估问卷,并对相关社会心理因素进行分析。方法:自编大学生自杀风险评估问卷,采取随机抽样的方法在江苏省6所高校选取2006名学生进行调查。结果:探索性因素分析抽取出5个因素:自杀意念、绝望感、自杀准备、生命认同和自杀认同,能解释54.86%的总变异;α系数、分半信度和重测信度分别为0.90、0.88、0.76;自我效能、社会支持和外向型性格与个体自杀风险呈显著的负相关,负性生活事件、消极应对方式和神经质性格与个体自杀风险呈显著的正相关。结论:大学生自杀风险问卷信、效度良好;负性生活事件、低社会支持和不良人格特征是大学生自杀的重要危险因素。

Objective：To develop the college student suicidal risk inventory（CSRI）,and analyse the related social-psychological factors.Methods：Develop CSRI,and 2006 students were chose to test in 6 universities in Jiangsu province with the method of random sampling.Results：Exploratory factor analysis（EFA） got five factors：suicidal idea,despair,suicidal preparation,life recognition and death recognition,by which 54.86% variances could be explained.Reliability analysis got the α coefficient（0.90）,the part-reliability（0.88）,and the re-reliability（0.76）.Self-efficiency,social support and extroverted character negatively correlated with college student＇s suicide risk significantly,while the negative life incidents,negative coping style and neuroticism positively correlated with college students＇ suicide risk.Conclusion：The CSRI has good reliability and validity,negative life incidents,low social support and unhealthy personality are risk factors of college students＇ suicide.