母亲依恋状况、教养方式与幼儿焦虑的关系

Relationships among Mother's Attachment,Parenting Style and Preschoolers' Anxiety

目的:考察母亲的依恋状况、教养方式与幼儿焦虑的关系。方法:以学前儿童焦虑量表、亲密关系经历量表和父母教养行为问卷为研究工具,对182名幼儿及其母亲进行测查。结果:①母亲的依恋焦虑、依恋回避与专制教养方式呈显著正相关,专制教养方式与幼儿分离焦虑、社交恐惧、广泛性焦虑和焦虑总分呈显著正相关;②母亲的依恋焦虑与幼儿焦虑总分呈显著正相关,依恋回避与幼儿焦虑总分相关不显著,但与幼儿的躯体伤害恐惧、广泛性焦虑呈显著正相关;③专制教养方式在母亲依恋焦虑和幼儿焦虑总分之间起部分中介作用,在母亲依恋回避和幼儿广泛性焦虑之间起完全中介作用。结论:母亲的依恋状况、教养方式显著影响幼儿焦虑,并且专制教养方式在母亲依恋状况与幼儿焦虑之间起到中介作用。

Objective：To investigate the relationships among mother＇s attachment,parenting style and preschoolers＇ anxiety.Methods：182 preschoolers and their mothers were tested with the method of mother-report by Preschool Anxiety Scale,Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory and Parenting Behavior Questionnaire.Results：①Mother＇s attachment anxiety,attachment avoidance were positively correlated to authoritarian parenting style,and the authoritarian parenting style was positively related to preschooler＇s separation anxiety,social phobia,generalized anxiety and the total scores.②Mother＇s attachment anxiety was positively correlated to the total scores of preschooler＇s anxiety,and attachment avoidance was positively related to preschooler＇s physical injury fears and generalized anxiety.③Authoritarian parenting style had partly mediating effect on the relationship between mother＇s attachment anxiety and the total scores of preschooler＇s anxiety,and had completely mediating effect on the relationship between mother＇s attachment avoidance and preschooler＇s generalized anxiety.Conclusion：Mother＇s attachment and parenting style have significant effects on preschoolers＇ anxiety,and authoritarian parenting style has mediating effect on the relationship between mother＇s attachment and preschoolers＇ anxiety.