行动:一种哲学的阐释

On Action:From the Perspective of Philosophy

行动既以人为主体,又构成了人的基本存在方式。对人而言,"是什么"(何为人)与"做什么"(如何行动)往往无法相分。行动展开于人与世界的关系,其内在的指向在于通过人与世界的互动,使人和世界发生一定的变化。与之相联系,行动的基本单位,源于行动的意义:判断某一动作是否为行动,往往取决于这种动作是否呈现意义以及呈现何种意义。作为具有综合性或系统性的现实存在形态,行动包含着内在的结构。从意欲到评价,从权衡到选择,从做出决定到付诸实施,等等,行动的结构体现于不同的方面。行动的结构既表现为不同环节、方面之间的逻辑关联,也展开于动态的过程。行动一方面具有意向性,另一方面又呈现规范性。意向性与规范性的交互作用,赋予行动以复杂的形态。以人(行动主体)为视域,问题又进一步涉及习行、习性与存在境域的关系,其中蕴涵深沉的本体论和价值论内涵。

Performed by human being, action is simultaneously the way of human existence. For human being, it is hard to separate the issue of ＂what is man＂ from the one of ＂what dose man do＂. The substantial aspect of action is to make human being as well as the world change by the interacting between man and world. The basic unit of action is related with the meaning of action. As the systematical process, action contains the internal construction which is manifested in both logical relation among various aspects of action and the process of action. Associated with the agents, action involves the intention as well normativity. Furthermore, as human being’s performance, action is based on the interaction of practice, habit as human’s second nature, and the state of being, which give action profound significance.