中国铁路运营效率实证研究:基于双活动—双阶段效率评估模型

Comprehensive Efficiency Evaluation of Chinese Railway System:Based on Double-Stage and Double-Activity Analysis Framework

以DEA模型和Malmqusit全要素生产率指数为理论工具,将铁路客运与货运、产出阶段与创收阶段纳入统一研究框架,建立"双活动—双阶段"效率分析框架,系统地考察中国铁路运输的生产效率与生产力。研究发现:虽然中国铁路效率世界第一,但就内部效率而言,客运综合效率高于货运综合效率,且仍有较大的提升空间;客运和货运的产出效率均明显高于创收效率,创收能力低下是铁路运输发展的短板;铁路发展呈现区域不平衡特点;客运全要素生产率呈上升趋势,产出阶段来源于技术效率改善和技术进步双重贡献,创收阶段主要得益于技术进步;货运全要素生产率有所提升,但主要来自技术进步的贡献,产出效率和创收效率均有所衰退;各铁路局的效率状况不同,效率优化路径各有差异。

This paper evaluates Chinese railway efficiency by DEA model and Malmquist TFP（Total Factor Productivity）index in a unified framework which models railway opera-tion into production process and revenue process,and divides railway activity into passen-ger transport and freight transport simultaneously.Our major findings are as follows：（1）Chinese railway system is still at a relative low level in both passenger comprehensive efficiency and freight comprehensive efficiency,and the former is a little higher than the latter.（2）The production efficiency is much higher than revenue efficiency in both passen-ger transport and freight transport.（3）The railway development of every region in China is not in balance;（4）The TFP in passenger transport gets better year by year.In the produc-tion process,the MPI improvement is rooted in both technical progress and technical effi-ciency improvement.In the revenue process,the MPI improvement mainly benefits from technical progress.（5）The TFP in freight transport gets better year by year,but it is mainly derived from technical progress,and the production efficiency and revenue efficiency de-cline at the same time.In addition,this paper compares the railway efficiency among eight-een railway bureaus in China,and provides some suggestions for efficiency improvement.