南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查分析

Growth analysis of children under 7 years old in Nanjing

目的：对南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育情况进行调查与分析,以掌握其变化规律,为儿童保健工作提供科学依据。方法：根据《2005年中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查研究实施方案》,采用按年龄组距要求分层随机整群抽样的方法,分城、郊及男、女各22个年龄组,共调查16 106名7岁以下健康儿童体格发育的5项指标（体重、身高、头围、坐高、胸围）进行城郊比较,并与1985年、1995年我国九市标准及2006年WHO推荐标准比较。结果：体重、身高随年龄增长其增长速度呈下降的趋势。第1年增长最快,3月龄的体重约为出生体重的2.1倍,出生第2年体重增加仅为2.5~3.0 kg。身高第1年增长25~28 cm,第2年增长12~13 cm,学龄前期平均每年增长7 cm。5项体格发育指标均存在性别差异;城郊各年龄组各项指标差异各不相同,主要表现为城区儿童体格生长超过郊区;儿童体格发育指标显著超出1995年九市标准,且大多已超过2006年WHO标准。结论：南京市7岁以下儿童体格发育呈快速增长趋势,城乡差异依然存在,儿童保健的工作重心应相应作出调整,要进一步加强对农村儿童的营养指导,促进其健康发展。

Objective： To investigate and assess growth conditions and its trend of children under 7 years old in Nanjing.Methods： Random cluster sampling was used and 16 106 healthy children were classified into 22 groups according to location（urban and rural）,sex（boy and girl）,and age（under 7 years）.Results： With the age increasing,growth velocity decreased.The growth velocity was highest in first year after birth.Each growth index of urban child was better than that of suburban child.The child growth level was notably higher than the standard of both 1995 national nine cities and 2006 WHO.Conclusion： The growth index of Nanjing child has increased fast in this decade and is higher than the WHO standard of 2006.The focus of child health care should be adjusted according to the change of child growth.