儿童呼吸道嗜血杆菌感染及药敏分析

Analysis of the Infection and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus from Children＇s Respiratory Track

目的 调查成都地区儿童呼吸道嗜血杆菌感染情况,并对药敏试验结果进行分析.方法 对3 173份呼吸道标本进行嗜血杆菌分离培养、药敏试验和β-内酰胺酶检测.结果 共分离到嗜血杆菌344株,其中流感嗜血杆菌301株,副流感嗜血杆菌43株;儿童嗜血杆菌呼吸道感染以1岁以下婴幼儿最常见,易感季节是每年的11月到次年的3月;药敏试验结果显示,复方新诺明的耐药率最高为75.4%,第三代头孢菌素、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类敏感率均高于90%,细菌产β-内酰胺酶达到57.0%,β-内酰胺酶抑制剂可大大提高相应的β-内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性.结论 嗜血杆菌是儿童特别是低龄儿童呼吸道感染的常见致病菌,治疗该菌可选用二、三代头孢菌素和大环内酯类抗生素.

Objective To investigate the situation of infection of Haemophilus isolated from children＇s respiratory tract locally and to analyse the antibiotic resistance. Methods From 3 173 sputa and pharyngeal,Haemophilus screening,antibiotics susceptibility test and detection of [3-1actamase were performed according to the standard operation procedures. Results 344 isolates of Haemophilus,consisting of 301 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and 43 isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Infants under the age of one year were the most common children with Haemophilus respiratory tract infection and susceptible season was the annual November to next March. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that the resistance rate of Haemophilus isolates to SMZ-TMP was 75.4% ,which was higher than other antibiotics. The rate of susceptibility of Cephalosporin Ⅲ ,quinolones and macrolides were all greater than 90M. The rate of β- lactamases producing was 57.0%. β-1actamase inhibitor could improve the β-lactam antibiotics susceptibility rate greatly. Conclusion Haernophilus is the common pathogens among children especially young children with respiratory tract infection. Treatment of the bacterial infection can choose antibiotics such as Cephalosporin Ⅱ , Cephalosporin Ⅲ and macrolides.