论挪威的疑欧主义及其“欧洲问题”

An Analysis of Euroscepticism and the European Problem in Norway

挪威曾两次拒绝加入欧盟,它是研究疑欧主义的一个重要案例。通过对挪威的政党疑欧主义、大众疑欧主义以及欧洲政策的分析,本文探讨了欧洲一体化进程中独特的"挪威现象"。经济因素、民族认同和独特的民主传统是挪威人拒绝欧盟的主要原因。政治和社会中强大的疑欧主义使得1994年之后的挪威历届政府在欧洲问题上裹足不前,挪威入盟需更待时机。

The Norwegians have twice refused to join the EU,an important case for studying Euroscepticism.By analyzing the partisan and public Euroscepticism and European policies in Norway,this paper explores the unique 'Norway phenomenon' in the process of European integration.Because of the extensive and durable existence of the Eurosceptics in Norwegian parties and society,its elites show controversial positions on acceding the EU.Through a study of the two referenda in 1972 and 1994,this paper points out that economic factors,national identity and unique democracy traditions are the key reasons why the Norwegians oppose joining the EU.The Norwegian governments after 1994 have thus been hesitating in joining the European Union.