长江口北支湿地鸟类多样性研究 Ⅱ.水鸟群落多样性研究

A Study of Bird Diversity in the Estuary Wetland of the North Branch of Yangtze River:Ⅱ.Diversity of Waterfowl Communities

野外实地调查表明,光滩、藻类盐渍带-藨草、海三棱藨草带-芦苇带-堤内养殖塘4种典型湿地生境是长江口北支湿地水鸟的主要活动区域。光滩、藻类盐渍带中水鸟的种类和数量均最多,其次为堤内养殖塘和藨草、海三棱藨草带,芦苇带中水鸟的种类和数量均最少,食源状况是导致不同生境中水鸟群落分布差异的主要原因。在4种典型湿地生境中,鸟类群落的物种多样性和均匀度均存在差异,但总体上差异不明显,物种多样性均处在中等偏上水平,而均匀度普遍较低。光滩、藻类盐渍带与堤内养殖塘水鸟群落的相似性最高,相似性指数高达0.697;芦苇带与其他3种生境中水鸟群落的相似性均很低,相似性指数均不大于0.257。表明芦苇带与其他3种生境中水鸟群落组成有较大差异。

Field investigation indicated that 4 types of wetland ecosystems,bare beach and saline alga zone,Scripus mariqueler and Scirpus triquerter,reeds,and dammed aquatic breeding pool,were the main habitats for waterfowls in north branch of Yangtze River estuary wetland.The largest number of waterfowl species and the largest population sizes were all found in the ecosystem of bare beach and saline alga zone,and followed by ecosystems of dammed aquatic breeding pool and Scripus mariqueler and Scirpus triquerter zone,the reeds ecosystem displayed the least number of species and the smallest population size.Feeding source is the main cause for variation in waterfowl distribution among deferent habitats.Among the four typical habitats,species diversity and evenness of waterfowl populations differed from each other,but not significant statistically.Species diversity is above the average,but the evenness is below the average.The similarity was the highest between Waterfowl populations in the ecosystem of bare beach and saline alga zone and the ecosystem of dammed aquatic breeding pool,with a similarity index of 0.697.In contrast,the similarity indices between the reed habitat and the other 3 types of habitats were very low,less than 0.257,indicating that the species composition of waterfowls in reed habitat was obviously different from three other types of habitats.