简论对功利主义道德劝导的两个诘难——与石中英教授商榷

On the Two Doubts of the Moral Persuading Logic of Utilitarianism:Exchanging Views with Professor Shi Zhongying

石中英教授在《"狼来了"道德故事原型的价值逻辑及其重构》一文中主要从两个方面对功利主义的道德劝导进行了诘难:第一,功利主义道德劝导的逐利动机背离了道德和道德教育的本质;第二,行为结果的不确定性会导致对道德准则的投机、怀疑、甚至抛弃。但文章似存在着一些对功利主义及其价值逻辑的误读。对此,有必要通过对功利主义道德劝导的两个诘难的分析,全面理解道德和道德教育的本质,重新审视功利主义及其教育价值:从道德起源的功利色彩、利己性道德规范、德育的个体享用性功能等角度看,功利与道德及道德教育的本质并不冲突;功利主义的"利"实际上更强调社会的总体利益、个体长远的精神利益,德与福可以在这个意义上实现统一,从而成为产生道德行为的心理机制。

In the paper Value Logic and Its Reconstruction of the Moral Fable ＂The Shepherd-boy and The Wolf,Pro.Shi Zhongying doubts the moral persuasion of utilitarianism from two aspects： firstly,seeking utility as the motivation of moral persuasion of utilitarianism deviates from the nature of morality and moral education;secondly,the uncertainty of the results of action can lead to the speculation,suspicion and abandonment of the moral codes.However,there is some misreading about utilitarianism and its value logic in this paper.Therefore,we should understand roundly the nature of morality and moral education,and re-examine utilitarianism and its educational value on the basis of an analysis of the two doubts of utilitarianism moral persuading.Utility does not conflict with the nature of morality and moral education,viewed from the origin of moral,self-regard moral norm and individual enjoyment of moral education.The ＂utility＂ of utilitarianism actually puts more emphasis on the total social interest and long-term individual interest;and in this sense,goodness can be integrated with morality and become the mental mechanism leading to moral action.