二硝基甲苯硝化反应的热危险性分析

Thermal Hazard Analysis of Dinitrotoluene Nitration

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、绝热加速度量热仪(ARC)和反应量热仪(RC)对二硝基甲苯(DNT)硝化反应的热危险性进行了研究。DSC的测试结果表明产物梯恩梯(TNT)的起始分解温度是298.38℃,低于DNT的起始分解温度;而ARC的测试结果显示TNT的开始分解温度为232℃,最大反应速率达到时间为24h时所对应开始温度TD24为224℃;反应量热实验表明DNT硝化过程的放热剧烈,且110℃时反应放热量是90℃的1.4倍,这些热量中有很大一部分来自于副反应放热。因此,该反应必须严格控制温度,避免温度过高引起放热副反应加剧和产物的二次分解。

Differential Scanning Calorimeter（DSC）,Accelerating Rate Calorimeter（ARC） and Reaction Calorimeter（RC） were used to study thermal hazard of dinitrotoluene（DNT） nitration.DSC results show onset temperature T0 of trinitrotoluene（TNT） is 298.38 ℃,which is lower than that of DNT.ARC results demonstrate that TNT starts to decompose at 232 ℃,and TD24 of TNT decomposition is about 224 ℃.Based on RC test results,there is a large amount of heat release during DNT nitration,and the heat generation at 110 ℃ is 1.4 times heat generation at 90 ℃,in which a large part comes from the exothermal side reaction actually.Therefore,temperature should be controlled strictly to avoid acutely exothermal side reaction and product decomposition.