青海省审定的小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of HMW-GS Composition in Wheat Cultivars of Qinghai Province

【目的】高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基是决定小麦面粉加工品质的一个重要因子。研究青海省审定小麦品种谷蛋白亚基组成的演变过程,有助于加强青海小麦的品质育种工作。【方法】采用SDS-PAGE（sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis）技术对青海省推广的71个小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成进行分析。【结果】71个小麦审定品种中出现了12个亚基类型,品质评价得分在410分,平均值为7.214分,评分为10分的材料有10个,占12.67%。【结论】研究发现近15 a青海省审定小麦品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成有显著改良,主要是由于Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点上的优质亚基频率显著提高所致,表明青海省小麦品质改良工作有新进展。但是,近15 a小麦品种在Glu-B1位点上的优质亚基频率有所降低。因此,下一步的小麦育种工作除了进一步加强Glu-A1和Glu-D1位点的同时,需要强调Glu-B1位点优质亚基的选择。研究筛选出一些具有优质亚基组合的小麦品种,可作为改良青海小麦品质的基因资源。

【Objective】High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit（HMW-GS） is one of the major determinants of the processing quality of flour in common wheat.Understanding the changing trend of HMW-GSs in Qinghai wheat cultivars is useful for further wheat quality improvement in Qinghai province.【Method】In this study,HMW-GS combinations of 71 wheat cultivars registered in Qinghai were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.【Result】Twelve subunit patterns were detected in the 71 wheat cultivars registered in Qinghai.The frequencies of subunits related to good quality were different in different site.The quality scores of these cultivars were between 4 and 10,and the average score was 7.214.Ten cultivars were evaluated to 10,accounting for 12.67% of all cultivars.【Conclusion】The results revealed that more and more wheat cultivars released in the past 15 years had desirable HMW-GS combinations due to the increasing of high-quality subunit frequency on Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci,thus indicating that there was a significant progress in wheat quality breeding.However,the distribution frequency of subunits with good quality on Glu-B1 has decreased in the past 15 years.Therefore,breeders should pay more attentions to the selection of good HMW-GS subunits on Glu-B1 besides Glu-A1 and Glu-D1.The cultivars with desirable HMW-GS subunit combinations,which were found in this study,can be used in further wheat quality improvement in Qinghai.