生态因子对新疆北部不同春小麦品质类型的影响

Effects of Ecological Factors on the Quality of Different Types of Spring Wheat Cultivars in Northern Xinjiang

【目的】确定优质小麦的最佳种植区域。【方法】选用8个有代表性的强筋、中强筋和中弱筋小麦品种在新疆博乐地区3个不同海拔区（5311050 m）种植,研究小麦品质性状在不同环境下的变化特点。【结果】三种筋力小麦品质受生态因子的影响程度不同,强筋类型的品种面团流变学特性变异大于中强筋和中弱筋小麦品种,地区间的小麦品质性状差异达到显著水平,各品质性状均以海拔较低的博乐点表现较高。对品质性状与生态因子进行典型相关分析表明,地理因子海拔高度与品质性状呈负相关。抽穗至成熟期的平均温度、平均最高温度与品质性状均呈正相关,而与平均最低温度呈负相关。日照时数与降雨量对该地区小麦品质的影响不明显。【结论】影响新疆博乐地区小麦品质的主要生态因子是海拔高度与抽穗至成熟期时的温度。初步认定以博乐点种植强筋小麦其品质最佳。

【Objective】To confirm the best cultivation regions for high-quality wheat.【Method】Eight cultivars including strong,moderate and strong,and moderate and weak gluten wheat varieties were cultivated at three elevations（from 531 to 1 050 m） in Xinjiang,and the variations of their quality characters were analyzed in relation to the different environments.【Result】The results indicated that the influence degree of the ecological factor on the three kinds of gluten wheat were different.The variation of the dough rheological parameters in strong gluten wheat varieties is bigger than that of the other two gluten types,and the variation of quality characteristic were significantly different among different regions,each quality characteristic in Bole were better than other regions.The canonical correlation analysis between quality characteristic and ecological factor showed the elevation height has negative correlation with quality characteristic.The average temperature and average maximum temperature from heading date to maturity was positively correlated to quality characteristic,and negatively correlated to minimum temperature averaged.Sunshine hours and rainfall were not obviously correlated to wheat quality in this region.【Conclusion】Elevation height and the temperature from heading date to maturity were the main ecological factors that influenced wheat quality in Bole.According to these results,it is suggested that strong gluten wheat is suitable for planting at Bole.