新疆葡萄重大病虫害发生规律及绿色防控技术

The Occurrence Regularity of Pests and Diseases of Grapes and Key Control Techniques at Green Food Level in Xinjiang

【目的】新疆的葡萄产区具有典型的地理区域分布特点，不同区域葡萄的主要病虫害种类和发生规律不同。通过研究葡萄主要病虫害的发生规律，提出新疆葡萄病虫害区域化的绿色防控关键技术。【方法】通过五点取样法，对病虫害进行分级和定点定株调查。【结果】北疆地区葡萄以霜霉病为害为主，6～7月为病害初发期，8月为发病高峰期；哈密地区以葡萄白粉病及穗轴褐枯病为主，葡萄自粉病发病初期为6月下旬～7月初，发病高峰期为7月下旬－8月中旬；穗轴褐枯病发病初期为5月上句－下旬，发病高峰期为5月下旬～6月中旬。吐鲁番地区则以葡萄斑叶蝉为主，为害自每年4月初～10月，5和8月发生量最大，是葡萄斑叶蝉发生的盛期。【结论】在葡萄病虫害治理的多项科研成果基础上，结合新技术、新农药的应用，提出以农业栽培管理措施和物理机械防治为基础，环境友好农药早期防控技术为辅助措施的新疆葡萄重大病虫害绿色防控技术．为新疆葡萄绿色食品牛产提供技术支撑。

[Objective] There are different major pests and diseases in the grape growing areas in Xinjiang because of the different geographical features. A set of techniques were put up to control the major grape pests and diseases based on the research of occurrence regularities. [Method]The investigation was made by sampling in five locations for diseases and pests. [ Result] Grape downy mildew （ Plasmopara viticola ） is the main disease in the north part of Xinjiang. It starts in June and July, and reaches its damage peak in August. There are two grape diseases occurred in Hami region, grape powdery, mildew and Alternaria viticola Brun. The damage of grape powdery mildew starts in late June and early July, and reaches its peak in late July and middle August. Whereas Ahernaria viticola Brim occurred from early May till middle of June. Leaf hopper （ Erythroneora apicalis ） is the main pest in Turpan region, the middle of May till August is the main period of damage. [ Conclusion] In order to provide technical support for the production of green grapes in Xinjiang, the paper summarized the control techniques for key pests and diseases of grapes at green food level based on several achievements in the study of management of grape pest and disease. Key points are： the agricultural cultivation, field management, physical and mechanical control techniques are basic means for the control of pests and diseases, assisted with the environmental friendly chemical control in the very early stage of the occurrence.