生态旅游区定居牧民变迁环境适应研究——以新疆天山天池、那拉提为例

Study on the Adaptation of the Settled Herdsmen to the Changed Environment in the Eco-tourism Area——Cased Study on the Tianshan Tianchi and the Nalati Scenic Area in Xinjiang

【目的】定居和参与旅游业的生态旅游区牧民对新环境适应是其后续发展的基础。评价定居牧民的变迁环境适应水平,探讨旅游有序发展、定居工程目标实现、牧民增收的有效协调机制,为旅游与农牧业生产政策提供科学依据。【方法】选择新疆天山天池和那拉提生态旅游区为实证点,以少数民族定居牧民变迁环境的感知与行为特征为测量工具,利用因子分析法研究参与旅游业的定居牧民变迁环境的适应问题。【结果】定居牧民对变迁环境总体适应水平加权值为良,因子分析提取出社会文化、生产经营、政治与信息途径、培训、政策与制度五类因子综合评价少数民族定居牧民变迁环境的适应水平,其中社会文化因子适应水平最高,培训因子适应水平最低。【结论】由游牧到定居的变迁中,政府与基层组织发挥引导职能,实施有效的培训方案提升牧民现代农业和旅游服务业水平,促进生产方式转型,缩短牧民新环境的适应过程面临挑战。

【Objective】The adaptation of herdsmen who settled and participated in tourism in the eco-tourism areas to the new environment is the foundation for their further development.The purpose of this paper was to assess the degree of the settled pastoralists adaptation to the environment,to explore an effective coordination mechanism for the orderly development of tourism and realization of the settlement project goals and the income increase of herders,and to provide scientific basis for making and implementing sustainable development policies for tourism and agricultural production.【Method】This article cased on the Tianshan Tianchi and the Nalati scenic area in Xinjiang,the perception and behavior characteristics of the herdsmen to the changed environment are chosen as measuring tool,factor analysis is used to study the adaptation issues of settled pastoralists who participated in tourism.【Result】The results reveal that the weighted value of the total adaptation level of settled pastoralists to the changing environment is benign.Factor analysis selected five factors which are socio-cultural,business,politics and information,training,policies and regulation factors to evaluate the adaptation situation of the minority settled herdsmen to changing environment.The socio-cultural factor shows the highest level of adaptation,while the training factor shows the minimum level of adaptation.【Conclusion】In the transition from nomadic to settling down,government and the grassroots organizations face challenges,they should play a leading role on how to implement an