乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区城市化对温度的影响及热岛效应分析

Impact of the Urbanization on Temperature in Urumqi-Changji Areas and Its Heat-Island Effect Analysis

利用乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区3个城市气象站和3个郊区气象站1976-2008年的气温观测资料,分析了乌鲁木齐及周边城市发展的热岛效应。结果表明,33年来乌鲁木齐-昌吉地区城市化对城市地面平均气温具有显著影响,气温随年代递增率城市大于农村,城市和郊区年平均气温递增率分别为0.79和0.38℃.（10a）-1;城市气温的极端性趋于弱化,近33年地面气温递增的最主要表现是城市平均最低气温明显上升,城市和郊区年平均最低气温的递增率分别为1.12和0.41℃.（10a）-1;城市气温日较差呈明显的下降趋势,郊区却略呈上升趋势;城市寒冷日数减少的趋势大于农村,城市采暖季最低气温随年代的递增趋势最为显著,采暖季城市和农村平均最低气温的递增率分别是1.46和0.57℃.（10a）-1;年平均热岛强度递增率为0.71℃.（10a）-1,冬季为1.06℃.（10a）-1,秋、春和夏季分别为0.63,0.57和0.46℃.（10a）-1。热岛强度夜间强、白天弱,02：00,08：00,14：00和20：00的平均热岛强度分别为2.9,2.9,0.0和3.0℃,其中02：00和08：00热岛强度递增率分别是1.17和1.13℃.（10a）-1,20：00为0.70℃.（10a）-1,冬季没有逆温的状况下,市区高温区与繁华区相吻合,城区中心的温度比郊区高3~4℃。

By means of the long-term data observed from three urban meteorological stations and three meteorological stations in Urumqi-Changji area,the impact of Urumqi and its surrounding city devoloping on the temperature and the evolutive trend of urban heat-island with the age were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanization factor has affected obviously in Urumqi-Changji areas since recent 33 years,the increase rate with decade of temperature in city are far larger than that in the rural area and the increase rates of mean temperature were 0.79 and 0.38℃·（10a）-1,respectively;the extremity of urban temperature tended in weaken,the the increase rate of temperature in recent 33 years was the mean minimum temperature in city to increase obviously,and the increase rates of urban and rural districts were 1.12 and 0.41℃·（10a）-1,respectively;the daily range of temperature in city obviously decrease,but in rural district increase slightly;the decreased trend of cold days in city was far larger than in rural district,the minimum temperature in heating season increased with the age is the most obviously in city,the mean minimum temperature in heating season in urban and rural districts are 1.46 and 0.57℃·（10a）-1,respectively.The increase rate of mean annual heat-island intensity is 0.71℃·（10a）-1,for season but talk to be 0.63,0.57,0.46 and 1.06℃·（10a）-1 in spring,summer,autumn and winter,respectively.The features of heat-island intensity displayed that nighttime is stronger and daytime is weaker;their intensities are 2.9,2.9,0.0 and 3.0℃ at 02：00,08：00,14：00 and 20：00,respectively,thereinto the increase rates of heat-island intensity are 1.17,1.13 and 0.70℃·（10a）-1 at 02：00,08：00 and 20：00 respectively;when the inversion conditions isn′t in winter,the high temperature area coincide with in prosperous area in city,the temperature in city centre is higher by 3～4℃ than the edge of city.