不同饲喂方式下荷斯坦公犊牛生产小牛肉的效果分析

Analysis of veal production with Holstein bull calves under different feeding conditions

研究了全乳饲喂(Ⅰ组)、牛奶+定量采食犊牛料(Ⅱ组)和牛奶+自由采食犊牛料(Ⅲ组)3种饲喂方式对荷斯坦公犊牛生产小牛肉的影响效果。结果表明:经3个月肥育后,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组荷斯坦公犊牛的体质量分别为64.55、69.15、81.10kg,日增质量分别为380、400、560g,胴体质量分别为34.10、36.49、44.56kg,屠宰率分别为55.91%、55.89%、56.77%.其中,Ⅲ组犊牛体质量、体高、体斜长、胸围均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组无显著差异(P>0.05);III组犊牛全期平均日增质量、胴体质量及肉骨比也均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).3组犊牛生产的小牛肉,肉质细嫩、柔软多汁、肉色呈浅红色,组间差异不显著,均属优质牛肉.说明牛奶+自由采食犊牛料的肥育方式可提高犊牛的生长速度和部分屠宰性能,是奶牛公犊牛较好的肥育方式.

In order to investigate the effects of veal production with Holstein bull calves,three months feeding experiments were carried out by three different feeding methods：the calves in groupⅠ fed with milk,groupⅡ with milk and limited calf starter feeding and group Ⅲ with milk and self-help calf starter feeding.The results showed that body weight of group I,group II and group III were 64.55 kg,69.15 kg and 81.10 kg,respectively; as well as average daily gain were 380 g,400 g and 560 g; carcass weight were 34.10 kg,36.49 kg and 44.56 kg,and slaughtering percentage were 55.91 %,55.89 % and 56.77 %,correspondingly.Body weight,body height,body length and heart girth of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than group Ⅰ（P0.05）,but no difference with groupⅡ.Average daily gain,carcass weight and ratio of meat to bone of group Ⅲ were higher than the other groups（P0.05）.Meat quality traits were no difference among three groups.Veal from three feeding methods calves showed light red color and was tender,soft,and juicy,so it belonged to top grade beef.The fattening method with milk and self-help feeding calf starter was better way for improving the growth rate and part slaughter performances of calves.