定效非致命杀伤变初速发射原理

Principle of Variable Muzzle Velocity Shoot for Steady Effectiveness Nonlethal Killing

为实现杀伤目标的可控性,提出了利用通过释放部分推进气体减小膛压的原理实现枪械变初速发射与定效非致命杀伤。根据利用瞄具判定的目标距离调节放气孔面积大小,控制膛内压力对弹头的加速过程,从而获得不同的发射初速,实现对不同射击距离上目标的定效非致命杀伤。给出了采用减小膛压原理的变初速发射枪械结构图;建立了变初速发射的变质量热力学数学模型;以某型变初速定效非致命杀伤枪械为例,射击距离为10~120 m,两种等动能杀伤判据为终点比动能为10 J/cm2和终点动能为50 J,利用建立的数学模型计算了其发射过程的参数匹配关系。结果表明：随着射击距离的增加,实现等动能杀伤所需的初速亦随之线性增加;在两种等动能杀伤判据下,最佳开孔距离为5 mm;对10 J/cm2的等动能杀伤判据,射击距离为10~40 m时,放气孔面积随着射击距离的增加呈非线性变化;在其他条件下,放气孔面积随射击距离的增加呈线性变化;随着射击距离的增加,在两种等动能杀伤判据下流出放气孔的气体质量之差随之增加。

To realize the controllablity of killing objects,the idea that the variable muzzle velocity shoot for steady effectiveness nonlethal killing can be realized by using the principle of reducing the pressure in bore by discharging part propellant gases is developed.The accelerating process of the pressure in bore on the bullet is controlled by adjusting the area of gas ports according to the distances of targets obtained by sight,so that various muzzle velocities are obtained and the steady effectiveness nonlethal killing is realized for objects at differente distances.The structure diagram of variable muzzle velocity guns using the principle of reducing the pressure in bore is proposed.The variable-mass thermodynamics calculation model of the variable muzzle velocity shoot is built.Taking a certain type of variable muzzle velocity steady effectiveness nonlethal killing gun for example,with the shooting distance of 10~120 m and two isokinetic lethality criterions that the endpoint specific kinetic energy is 10 J/cm2 and the endpoint kinetic energy is 50 J,the parameter matching relation of the shooting process for the gun is calculated by the established mathematical model.The results show： with the increase of the shooting distance,the muzzle velocity for realizing isokinetic killing increases linearly;under two isokinetic lethality criterions,the best opening distance is 5 mm;for the isokinetic lethality criterion of 10 J/cm2,with the shooting distance of 10~40 m,the area of a gas port increases nonlinearly with the increase of the shooting distance;under other conditions,the area of a gas port increases linearly;with the increase of the shooting distance,the difference of the gas mass being out from the gas port increases under two isokinetic lethality criterions.