中土油气类资源的立法比较——对我国石油法制定的启示

The Comparison of Legislations on the Oil-Gas Resource between China and Turkmenistan——Enlightenment on the Establishment of Our National Petroleum Law

土库曼斯坦政府于2008年对2005年版的《碳氢化合物资源法》进行了修订,并于2008年正式生效。目前中国在石油、天然气对外合作领域无专门立法,只有国务院的两个行政法规:《中华人民共和国对外合作开采陆上石油资源条例》和《中华人民共和国对外合作开采海洋石油资源条例》,"二条例"已不适应不断发展变化的油气开发形势,中国油气资源立法工作亟待加强。考查土库曼斯坦新版《碳氢化合物资源法》的主要新规定,结合中国现行油气资源法规,在碳氢类资源适用范围、投资准入、勘探期补偿、环境保护、投资保险等方面进行对比,提出了土库曼斯坦《碳氢化合物资源法》对中国当前石油、天然气立法的主要启示。

Turkmenistan government revised the 2005 version ＂Law of Hydrocarbons Resources＂ in 2008,which formally came in effect in 2008.However,China has no specific laws at present in the fields of cooperating with foreigners except two administrative regulations： ＂Regulations on the Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Exploiting Continental Petroleum Resources＂ and ＂Regulations on the Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Exploiting Offshore Petroleum Resources＂.Both regulations have been unable to adapt to the constantly changing situation of oil-gas exploitation,so it is necessary to strengthen the legislation of Chinese oil-gas resources.With the examination of Turkmenistan＇s new version of ＂Law of Hydrocarbons Resources＂,combined with Chinese present regulations of oil-gas resources,the comparison has been conducted from the aspects like the applied scope of hydrocarbon resources,investment access system,compensation of exploiting period,environment protection,investment insurance and so on.At last,it is presented that Turkmenistan＇s ＂Law of Hydrocarbons Resources＂ has some key enlightenments on the legislation of China petroleum and natural gas at present.