1973～2007年洛阳市尘肺死亡病例分析

Analysis on Death of Pneumoconiosis Patients in Luoyang during 1973～2007

目的了解洛阳市尘肺病死亡情况,为制定有效的尘肺病防治、管理措施提供依据。方法对洛阳市1973-2007年报告的尘肺死亡病例的死因、病种、行业分布、年代分布、存活年限以及期别分布等情况进行分析。结果尘肺死因主要为肺心病和尘肺。尘肺死亡病例中煤工尘肺占46.99%,矽肺占45.90%。尘肺死亡病例的行业分布以煤炭、地质矿产、机械、玻璃原料为主,合计占86.88%,其中煤炭所占比例最大,占48.63%。矽肺死亡人数随年代呈上升趋势,而煤工尘肺死亡人数随年代有下降趋势。矽肺平均病程为7.02年,煤工尘肺为9.87年,其他尘肺为7.43年。尘肺和肺结核死亡的尘肺病例所占的构成比随期别增加而增大,其余随期别增加而减少。结论尘肺防治工作的重点是预防、治疗肺心病,重点行业是煤炭、地质矿产、机械、玻璃原料。煤工尘肺和矽肺是关键,应加强其健康管理,早期诊断和控制并发症是良性转归的首要措施。

Objective To learn the death of pneumoconiosis patients in Luoyang and provide basis for improving medical preventive measures against pneumoconiosis. Methods Analysis was carried out on the causes of death,disease categories,industrial distribution,time distribution,spell of sickness and stage distribution. Results The main proportional mortality was pneumocardial and pneumoconiosis.Collier pneumoconiosis occupied 46.99% and silicosis 45.90% among the total death number.86.88% of the pneumoconiosis death cases were from the field of coalmine,mineral,mechanism and glass material.Coalmine that occupied 48.63% was in the first place among all of them.The death number of silicosis increased with time and the collier pneumoconiosis was opposite to it.The average spell of sickness of silicosis was 7.02 years;collier pneumoconiosis was 9.87 years and other pneumoconiosis was 7.43 years.The death number of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis increased with stage and others were opposite to them. Conclusion The main areas to strengthen their prevention measures on pneumoconiosis might be pneumocardial.The main industries to be focused on might be coalmine,mineral,mechanism and glass material.Collier pneumoconiosis and silicosis are key factors among pneumoconiosis death cases.Hygienic supervision should be strengthened.Early diagnosing and controlling syndrome are the critical measure to the restoration.