控制农村社区居民钠钾盐饮食摄入干预对血脂和血糖的影响观察

Observation on the Effect of Sodium and Potassium Salt Diet Intervention on Lipid and Glucose among Rural Residents

[目的]探讨钠钾盐饮食干预对血脂和血糖的影响。[方法]2003年10月至2004年7月在日照市五莲县和莱芜市莱城区农村地区抽取符合条件的172名村民进行饮食干预,共分4个阶段:Ⅰ阶段(基线,提供普通饮食3 d)、Ⅱ阶段(提供低钠饮食1周)、Ⅲ阶段(提供高钠饮食1周)、Ⅳ阶段(口服补钾、提供高钠饮食1周)。于基线第2天和其他3个阶段的第6天,分别测定血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),测量空腹体重及身高。[结果]单因素方差分析表明,4个阶段中GLU、CREA、HDL-C的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),CHOL、TG、体重指数(BMI)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调整体重指数后,4个阶段GLU、CREA、HDL-C、CHO-CL、TG的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);GLU在Ⅰ、Ⅲ阶段以外各阶段间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05);CREA在Ⅰ、Ⅲ阶段和Ⅱ、Ⅳ阶段以外各阶段间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CHOL在Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05);HDL-C在Ⅰ、Ⅳ和Ⅱ、Ⅳ及Ⅲ、Ⅳ间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。[结论]高钠盐饮食显著降低血糖、血肌酐水平,对HDL-C、TG和CHOL没有影响;钾盐摄入显著降低血糖水平,升高CREA、HDL-C和CHOL水平,对TG没有影响。

[Objective] To explore the effect of sodium and potassium salt diet on lipid and glucose.[Methods]From October,2003 to July,2004,172 inhabitants who accorded with the conditions were selected in the rural community of Wulian county in Rizhao city and Laicheng district in Laiwu city.The diet intervention was taken among them.There were four stages：Ⅰ stage（common food,three days）,Ⅱ stage（low sodium salt diet,one week）,Ⅲ stage（high sodium salt diet,one week） and Ⅳ stage（high sodium salt diet and potassium salt,one week）.In the second day of baseline and the sixth day of every other stage,the indexes such as height,weight,GLU,CREA,TG,CHOL and HDL-C were tested at every stage.[Results]One-factor analysis of variance indicated;GLU,CREA and HDL-C differences were significant among the four stages（P0.05）.CHOL,TG,and BMI differences were insignificant（P0.05）.After BMI was adjusted,GLU,CREA,HDL-C,CHOL and TG differences were significant（P0.01）.ExceptⅠ/Ⅲ,GLU differences were significant（P0.05）.CREA differences were significant exceptⅠ/Ⅲ andⅡ/Ⅳ（P0.05）.CHOL differences were significant in Ⅲ/Ⅳ.HDL-C differences were significant（P0.05） in Ⅰ/Ⅳ,Ⅱ/Ⅳ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ（P0.05）.[Conclusion]High sodium salt diet reduces the level of GLU and CREA,with no effect on HDL,TG and CHOL.Potassium salt diet reduces the level of GLU,and raises the level of CREA,HDL and CHOL,with no effect on TG.