中国古典小说中的“鬼神情结”

Ghost Complex in Chinese Classical Novels

在我国古代小说作家的创作中,借鬼神表达思想,帮助完成故事,始终是一个挥之不去的情结。它的形成既有我国古代社会文化心理的原因:由于科技欠发达,人们相信鬼的存在;也有作者个人的因素:驰骋个人想象,弥补人生的不足,并达到书写史传这一神圣体裁的目的。对鬼神的描写最早起源于神话这一非完全意义上的非自觉而为的小说创作中,在隋唐之后它才在小说中得到自觉的表达并在以后的小说创作中一直得以坚持,它对我国文学浪漫主义传统的开辟及文学的发展功不可没。虽然这一情结一直存在,但因鬼神模式的简单化和非系统性而使中国小说中的鬼神表意自始至终陷入简单的重复之中。

There existed a ghost complex in ancient Chinese novelists＇ creation.They conveyed their thougts and created stories by means of ghosts.This complex derived its origin from two factors;one was the effect of Ancient Chinese social and cultural psychology.People in ancient China believed in the existence of ghost due to undeveloped science and techology.The other one was from authors.They needed to make up for deficiencies of life by imagining ghost,meanwhile they achieved their objective of composing history and biography.The description of ghost originated in myth and prospered after Sui and Tang dynasties.It contributed much more to the initiate of romantic tradition of Chinese literature and development of literature.However,thoughts-expressing by means of ghost in Chinese novles was invloved in simple repetition all the time due to the simplification and non-systematization.