资源、选择和运气——评德沃金的资源平等理论

Resources, Luck and Choice On Ronald Dworkin’s Equality of Resources

德沃金努力论证和辩护资源平等理论表示了对所有人平等的尊重与关切。他利用两个区分(个人/个人性资源、选项运气/原生运气的区分)来划分个人责任与集体责任,并根据两种责任的承担来实现资源平等。这里的核心思想就是为所有人创造出一种正义环境来让他们选择与追求各自想过的某种生活,并且能够对所选择过的生活承担责任。但是德沃金的两个区分都是以人们的实然选择为依托的,因此实质上他是根据人们的实际选择来确定要在其中作出的选择的环境是否正义,这就形成了一种恶性循环。故而他的平等理论无法成功地对所有人表示平等的尊重与关切。

Dworkin tries his best to demonstrate and justify that the theory of equality of resources shows equal respect and concern to all. The two important distinctions (Person/Personal resources and Option Luck/Brute Luck) made by him are to help distinguish the two duties, personal and collective, to meet which resources should be equally distributed. Here the core of the idea is that a just atmosphere should be created for everyone so that one could choose and pursue the kind of lives one wants and be responsible for the choices; However, Dworkin’s distinctions are subject to one’s actual choice. So Dworkin indeed in terms of people’s actual choices determines whether the circumstance is just or not, within which choices are to be made. This forms a vicious circle. Naturally, his theory of equality fails to show an equal respect and concern for all.