以精炼铋烟尘为原料冶炼锑工艺

Study on Process of Smelting Antimony Using Bismuth Refining Dust as Raw Material

以含砷精炼铋烟尘为原料,采用盐酸浸出-水解-转化-还原熔炼工艺冶炼锑,消除了其危害性并使其得到资源化。当固液比为1∶3,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为80℃,盐酸用量为1.2倍理论量时,盐酸浸出精炼铋烟尘,锑浸出率可达99.5%。盐酸浸出液在稀释比为10∶1,水解温度为25℃时,水解1 h,得到氯氧锑。氯氧锑在固液比为1∶1.6,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为1 h,氨水用量为1.2倍理论用量时,转化得到纯度为90.76%的三氧化二锑。实验探讨了三氧化二锑还原熔炼过程中温度、反应时间、还原剂无烟煤用量、熔剂碳酸钠用量对锑直收率的影响。当反应温度为1 100℃,反应时间为45 min,还原剂无烟煤用量和熔剂碳酸钠用量分别相当于三氧化二锑质量的4.9%和4.32%时,还原熔炼所得金属锑含量为99.04%,锑直收率达到93.2%。

Using arsenic-bearing bismuth refining dust as raw material,antimony was smelted by the process of hydrochloric acid leaching-hydrolysis-conversion-reduction smelting.The leaching rate of antimony can reach 99.5% by leaching bismuth refining dust with hydrochloric acid under the conditions that the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶3,reaction time was 4 h,reaction temperature was 80 ℃ and the dosage of hydrochloric acid was 1.2 times of theoretical dosage.Antimony oxychloride was obtained under the conditions that the dilution ratio of hydrochloric acid leaching solution was 10∶1,hydrolysis temperature was 25 ℃ and hydrolysis time was 1 h.Antimony oxychloride was converted into antimony trioxide in which the purity was 90.76% under the conditions that the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶1.6,reaction temperature was 25 ℃,reaction time was 1 h and the dosage of ammonia water was 1.2 times of theoretical dosage.The effects of temperature,reaction time,the dosage of reductant anthracite coal and the dosage of fluxing agent sodium carbonate on direct recovery ratio of antimony were investigated experimentally.The content of metal antimony prepared by reduction smelting was 99.04% and the direct recovery ratio of antimony reached 93.2% under the conditions that the reacction temperature was 1 100 ℃,reaction time was 45 min and the dosage of reductant anthracite coal and fluxing agent sodium acarbonate were equivalent to 4.9% and 4.32% of the mass of antimony trioxide respectively.