伯林自由观和康德自由观之比较

A Comparison of Berlin's and Kant's Views on Liberty

伯林划分的两种自由概念是没有根据的,其学说内部也是歧义层出,消极自由并不优于积极自由,更谈不上是真正的自由,割裂两者无助于认识真正自由。这都是站在经验主义立场上看待自由问题,所以排斥理性和自由的关系,而不追求自由背后的超验价值,自由也是没有价值内涵的,也只是停留在最低级的形式中。康德的自律即自由使自由有了道德价值,凸显人类的尊严,虽然不太关心现实后果,但是大大拓宽对自由概念的理解深度和广度。

Berlin＇s division of two concepts of liberty makes no sense,because its theory contraindicates itself,and negative freedom which is even not real freedom is not superior to positive freedom.The separation of the two is not conductive to the understanding of real freedom.Berlin is actually approaching from a perspective of transcendentalism,ignoring the relationship between reason and freedom and failing to pursue the transcendental value of freedom,which makes freedom valueless and remain at the lowest level in its form.However,Kant＇s self-discipline i.e.freedom has brought freedom moral values and highlighted the dignity of human beings.Although it pays less attention to the consequences,it has significantly broadened and deepened the understanding of the concept of freedom.