食品中气单胞菌的检测及其毒力与耐药性分析

Detection of Aeromonas in food and analysis of their virulence and drug resistance

目的:了解温州市食品中气单胞菌的分布情况,气单胞菌毒力因子的携带情况及其对抗菌药物的敏感性,为食物中毒监测提供科学依据和为食品安全的危险性评估提供依据。方法:采用分步筛选及系统鉴定方法对食品进行气单胞菌检测,通过蛋白酶试验检测气单胞菌的蛋白酶,采用血平板法观察溶血,采用PCR方法检测hlyA和aerA两种毒素基因。采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果:298份食品中,检出气单胞菌55株,总检出率为18.46%。其中维罗纳气单胞菌温和生物变种检出率最高,为8.72%(26/298),其次为嗜水气单胞菌,检出率为6.04%(18/298)。各类食品中气单胞菌的检出率则以生肉类中检出率最高,为32.95%(29/88)。气单胞菌中hlyA基因携带率为21.82%,aerA基因携带率为23.64%,蛋白酶携带率为30.91%,47.27%的菌株有溶血现象。药敏试验表明,气单胞菌对利福平、氨苄青霉素的耐药率较高,对丁胺卡那、庆大霉素、氟哌酸的敏感性高。结论:温州市食品中气单胞菌污染比较严重,许多菌株携带致病因子,并对部分抗菌药物的耐药性较强。

Objective：To investigate Aeromonas distribution situation,virulence factor carrying condition and their sensitivity on antimicrobial drug in food in Wenzhou,provides the scientific basis for food poisoning monitor and food security risk assessment.Methods： Adopt step selection and systematical identification methods to inspect Aeromonas in food samples,detected the protease of Aeromonas by proteinase test,observated hemolysin through blood plate,detected two toxin gene-hlyA and aerA by PCR method.Take the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for susceptibility test.Results： 55 strains of Aeromonas were detected in 298 foods,the total detection rate was 18.46%.Of the total owing the highest detection rate was Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria,whose detection rate was 8.72%（26/298）,followed was Aeromonas hydrophila,with the detection rate was 6.04%（18/298）.In various types of food,the highest detection rate of Aeromonas was meat,was 32.95%（29/88）.In Aeromonas,hlyA gene carrier rate was 21.82%,aerA gene carrier rate was 23.64%,protease carrier rate was 30.91%.47.27% of the strains had the hematolysis phenomenon.Drug sensitivity test showed that Aeromonas has high drug resistance to rifampin and ampicillin,high sensitivity to amikacin,gentamicin,norfloxac.Conclusion： Foods in Wenzhou are heavily contaminated by Aeromonas.Many strains carrying virulence factors,and the antimicrobial resistant of some isolates are serious.