森林生态资源配置中的市场失灵及其对策

MARKET FAILURES AND COUNTERMEASURES IN THE ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM

森林生态系统是地球上最大的陆地生态系统。森林生态体系建设中的公益林，具有公共物品非排他性和非排斥性的特征，由此带来的外在性是市场失灵的一个重要因素，它将导致生态资源配置的长期低效。只有较好地化解市场失灵，才能有效地协调生态效益与经济效益，确保我国森林生态体系建设的优质与高效。本文通过对森林生态建设中市场失灵的分析，提出了产权结合，科斯定理，生态质量等级价格等对策，以修正市场的部分失灵。并探讨了木材价格变动对生态供给的影响，进而提出当木材价格变动时应适时调整生态质量价格。

Forest ecosystem is the biggest land ecosystem in the world. Public welfare forests in building forest ecosystem are possessed of nonexclusive characteristic of public goods, which leads to economic externality. It is an important factor of market failures and causes law efficient allocation of ecological resources for a long time. Only if effectively to solve the problems of market failures, can we make the balance between ecology and economy so that we can keep good quality and high efficiency in building forest ecosystem in China. By way of analyzing the market failures, the paper raises several countermeasures such as combining property rights, Coase theorem and grade price of ecological quality in order to amend a part of market failures. The article concerns that the price fluctuation of timber exerts an influence on supply of ecology, therefore we should timely adjust the grade price of ecology as price fluctuation of timber in order to assure effective supply of ecoloy.